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World History--Age of Exploration, Part II

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Daily Agenda PowerPoint Presentation; Age of Exploration PowerPoint slides, Video Clip: "The Age of Exploration: Crash Course European History," Essential Question, Check For Understanding, and Closing.

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MangaHere expiration chain what do you think people like to discover thing I was trying to do I think you'd like to discover things for a learn about more stuff history of explored and nail and years into the future long after lifetime under years 200 years together years from now and more you always have people are on the Earth how much of the Earth waving Nexus what what what's what are we what's going on now with they just sentence for people in the space of one astronauts has to be the new thing and that you'll probably have to wear you can fly faster because we can have a plane that can go up into space and come down that's a lot faster play okay so that's the spaces and Xbox here and the back of the 9th 60s be had with six and so that's going to be the wave of the future future long enough to see colonies on Mars, who knows maybe one day take a trip to the moon then let me know so here and then we'll look at the video clip here so just remember Santa questions at this PowerPoint is asking hear the 1470 hunts years experience as a tax break a lot of this was financially driven the Ottoman Empire controlled the trade routes between Europe and Africa so and so that's really worked at this age of exploration just like a lot of things happen because appreciates me to talk about that so so it kind of happened in this map you showed you some of the Explorers met Time Columbus in 1492 yet Ferdinand Magellan went around the world. Skoda, you found a water route what about to go on sale to India so he's with some of the major explorers made for there is no problems too but these are some of the major sports are on this map there in the show is so again the Renaissance it encouraged curiosity and desire for trade JS result of expiration European nations be powerful and spread their influence throughout the world why did Europeans want to explore well gold was one no desire for eternals resources so that's one of the Crusade the Renaissance stimulate European desires breaks out of canned goods and you see that reflected here in the map spiritual and some things gold silver precious stones Ivory porcelain perfume spice comes to these things are, today we take it for granite I'm looking for quick direct trade routes to eat the wood Muslim and Italian Merchants increase their own profits so then that's what would begin to me no gold money will Lori the expiration present Europeans the option to rise and Poppy and gain Fame and Fortune and status Voyages of exploration game overseas colonies new source of wealth for the nation and increase power and Glory. motivations for Europeans going out in the Age of Exploration explorers were encouraged to bring so how were explorers able to sell so far make it back again well some things happened before the Renaissance technology would allow Europeans to explore a lot of Iceland Iceland in the tip of Greenland and the Vikings concert Americas it's also a peninsula so our Sailors and back before the navigation improve do you use longitude latitude trade and cultural diffusion during the Renaissance confused navigation techniques to Europeans and so the magnetic compass. This is so very very important do you also have to ask a load that you Stars the show directions to before they asked if they had ways of measuring those things are but they asked a little help to make a measuring with the store is a lot more day and then Maps more using longitude and latitude so that allowed for some of those positions my cell phone here and ships became better are those of Columbus sailed in this is a very similar to what he sailed when he came to the Americas in three lips are so chapped making was to a better cargo was very maneuverable going shallow Waters to carry quite a bit of cargo for enough supplies to last for the voyage and they have triangular Lansing seals allowed sail Against the Wind as well and had a movable Rudder that needs of the ship more maneuver world's the Americas incidentally came across that so alright and African are and they would also explore the South Pacific and so you know when you look at the language is Left Behind in the Americas the dominant languages you still have the indigenous languages Spanish with some pockets of French and Dutch the English in Spanish in North and South America and Africa you have an English and French and Spanish and Portuguese are spoken there and say minutes. can Europeans were not the first to explore the oceans and search for new trade routes course we talked about Ming Dynasty China John hey how you explored the Indian Ocean and the Pacific is expiration and those things are Islamic explore the Indian Ocean a doll made agent stay straight the Centre for European exploration of China John he left the Chinese Treasure clean 17 Expedition Columbus for John Hewitt on 7th and Southeast Asia Indian Africa during the Ming Dynasty I'm recording can you be quiet hey but in the late 1400 European Sailors didn't neither mother nor Chinese the scores for the begin to get began Global exploration and increase their wealth and power actually believe that that's that's maybe not because there were people that went to other areas next for it but I think the Europeans explain to him change it because the way they set up global trade it would really I think that's the big difference between what they did with the Chinese Navigator he was key in helping go to school brought the best ship makers shipbuilders and sailors so Portugal was the first to go out and that's why Priscilla Beach Portuguese and Spanish is spoken in Latin Mexico to Argentina Chile Philippines and then of course later on be France and England explorers here and then the car pints are in 2 gal Spain got involved Fernandez Bella we're the ones that sponsored Christopher Columbus Columbus from what we've read Columbus he wasn't knowledgeable battle continent here but it's amazing how deep does the skin got your support but yet nothing was supposed to be here so I'll just disconnect scam naked people in Iceland and Greenland I came down so there was contact here in the Americas before Columbus came anyway so like there were a lot of people bleedem it to me thought the Griffins flat until at least it's a little too far no such as you know his people. all right Columbus he reached the Bahamas in the Americas buddy buddy and reach the altar cozy India so he made four trips to India never realizing in the new world it wasn't into a mirror books for Africa 1500 came with America South America Latin America that we got from his name and I had a history teacher in high school America sounds better in his lap so I mean despite the fact the Columbus never found a deferred a Magellan still thought he could reach by sailing west they did cuz he had to go around the tip of South America and across the Pacific Ocean and he didn't get his cremated he was first navigate to his Pittsburgh navigate he got killed in the Philippines but they make the boys back from the Philippines through southeast Asia around the tip of Africa back to Spain so they prove prove that the world was round in Spain. Call Mazie of North and South America and I stain  six boys bolt Nike Store close to the new world spawn gold plane lands by Christianity has two people and Joseph are people there to Inca in South America in the lobbies people it was easy, that you can look out number they were so divided and fighting amongst themselves and then they were very susceptible to disease and things like that purple country in Europe during the early years of expiration and then later on England France and the Netherlands we get very very far because the number one international language English is spoken all over the world so that the influence of the British Empire and their st-lawrence River and with steps North America States and Canada so you read about that and then of course James Cook explore the South Pacific so they making another circumnavigation around the world Society Islands Cook Islands are called them to New Zealand Australia for c-diff, zacian those pages later on like England and Netherlands allow private companies to find expiration date. Check, is for today I'll be all done after well I'm alright just want to make sure you do that May 2nd the sound what are you getting off trying to share that window okay. All right so sick of this video good. I'm John Green and this is Crash Course European history so remember back in May of 1453 when the Ottomans smashed the thick walls of Constantinople the city and the headed to Byzantine emperor you probably don't remember Maiya 1453 come to think of it but you remember learning about it it was a bit of a footnote in our first episode but you never know when the footnotes are going to be very important and that one really did change the world because with the Ottomans now also controlling much of Southeastern Europe they established in Navy which they used in the black Adriatic and other cities in the region ottoman  meant that other European kingdoms and Empires needed to find different ABS to Afro Eurasian trade routes which ultimately helped spark the Voyages of explorers from the Iberian Peninsula so we talked already in the series about the importance of Shifting perspective when looking at history and today we're going to ask you to shift perspective several times but let's begin with the perspective of the Portuguese 15th century Portugal was poor and it became more so as the Ottomans contested their access to Overland trade but luckily for Portugal the fourth son of their King was Prince Henry who came to be called The Navigator because he funded and encouraged exploration the study of navigation and the development of new tools to Aid in navigation the Portuguese began to increase their travels along the Mediterranean Southern Shore and by the mid-fifteenth century they were venturing Southward along the Atlantic coast of Africa where they did you find vast wealth in those days Africa was rich in food salt gold and slaves monster Musa the Mali and King who made a spectacular Hajj to Mecca in 1324 and 1325 legendary very inspiring to the Portuguese he had an Entourage of 60,000 people including 12,000 slaves in huge quantities of gold he seemed like the model of what the Portuguese hope to become by traveling to have that is Rich Beyond imagining in this pursuit of food slaves and gold the Portuguese gradually made their way down the African Coast locating Island collectors like the canaries and they kidnap local people to sell into European slave market begin dotting the coast Woodstone fortresses that doubled as trading stations and there are many European men partnered with African women and started families these women were often themselves Traders and would be crucial for All European nations because with the main force behind local markets and regional trade networks and they provided essential connections to trade again most of the Portuguese explorers were poor and many of these female Traders from Africa were wealthy and successful from their perspective Portuguese traders offered them new markets and access to new Goods I know we're all very accustomed to thinking of Europe as rich and Africa as poor but that frame is both relatively new and way to assess wising the truth as always resist Simplicity of Good Hope or even further afield into the Indian Ocean when we talk about it Wars and exploring we often conjure up images of intrepid groups wearing hats trekking through empty lands in search of Hidden Treasures but that was certainly not the reality when for instance go to Gama reached India in 1498 found a highly developed Indian Ocean Commerce with Trading Post run by sophisticated Muslim merchants instincts were to Menace and fight them and he did and when the Portuguese reach southeast Asia and China they found a cornucopia of goods that you aliens would come to Crave and about whose production they knew very little colorful washable Cotton's finely crafted porcelain also T where would we be without tea while I be fine actually I just drink coffee what's that informs me that coffee it wasn't from Europe by the 17th century the Portuguese were importing millions of pieces of porcelain into Europe along with lots of delicious spices and spices were not only important for flavoring but also for food preservation which I suppose it I kind of flavoring if you like your food to not taste moldy all right let's go to a trading empire with small and add your ships known as carrabelle's patrolling ports in getting large fee the wealth would be extracted from controlling shipping and trading routes as the Ottomans were doing in the Eastern Mediterranean in contrast the Spanish Empire which began in 1492 with the exploratory Voyages of genoese ship cap Christopher Columbus was based on colonies that is rather than controlling trade routes the Empire would control the land itself and the people who lived there and extract wealth from them to enrich the Empire Columbus was a student of John be at maps and he lobbied the Portuguese came to back his voyages but when that didn't go to plan he headed for Spain to petition it's devoutly Catholic rulers Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand of Aragon these two monarchs were finishing up the dry to expel Muslims from Spain and for Spanish Jews to convert to Christianity but religious persecution wasn't cheap the motto of the Iberian Pathfinders God gold and Glory perfectly describe their ambition although perhaps not in that order hopping the islands along the African Coast sand using the trade winds Columbus's ships made it to the Caribbean islands and his Crews which tellingly included both clergy and bankers found signs of gold not great quantities of it however they did find people to enslave and because no one knew the size or shape of the Americas there was the Perpetual hope that gold or other riches might lie just on the other side of this Ridge that mountain thanks. Bubble so I want to stop here to shift perspective from the perspective of European explorers these lands were new and potentially very lucrative and the colonization model that Spain adopted and that Portugal began using Brazil and that the rest of Europe's Empires would eventually use was built on the idea that colonies existed for the benefit and enrichment of the colonizers and secondarily to convert human souls to Christianity much of the wealth that was generated these Empires was done so by claiming human beings as a form of property both through the slave trade and through forcing colonized people to work and the systems that were built to support the colonies from roads and bridges to churches were built extract wealth and convert people to Christianity of indigenous people living in colonized communities colonization meant impoverishment in many forms the loss of land use the loss of life itself at an unprecedented it's scale the loss of long-held religious beliefs and the loss of all sorts of community assets but from the colonizers perspective it meant the possibility of getting rich and so waves of ambitious Sabres forward Columbus searching North and South America for extractable wealth another breakthrough occurred between 1519 and 1522 when Ferdinand Magellan Spanish ships circumnavigated the globe and alienated members of the Portuguese court and like Embassy found no backing for his proposed trip there also like Columbus he went to Spain to ask them to fund his voyage if you were going to be somewhere between 1519 and 1522 on one of Magellan's ships was not are we the best place their conditions and Magellan's no-nonsense discipline cause mutinies and other problems which Magellan handled harshly executing or maroon a mutineer and captains in his Fleet but after finding the Straits at the tip of South America the fleet set sail across the Pacific eventually returning to Spain despite Magellan's death at the hands of local leaders in the Philippines in 1521 of the 237 original voyagers and five ships only 18 men and one ship returned to Spain in 1522 but the voyage arranged and headed by Magellan was a revelation it open the world up to Global Transportation exchange settlement and yes all Global slavery and warfare and pandemics and Conquest the Spanish could now stock their new world settlements with Chinese and Indian luxuries by crossing the Pacific and fill their coffers from profits in New World Goods by Crossing Atlantic in 1519 Spanish Invader or non Cortez came into contact with indigenous people in present-day Mexico landing on its Mayan eastern coast with several hundred soldiers and making his way in Wind starting battles and forging alliances finally reached the center of the Aztec Empire at Two Notch T Lawn where the Spaniards were astonished at the wealth of this civilization and Cortes bowed before it's King Montezuma II who led a vast Empire that stretched to pray de Honduras and Nicaragua the capital had tens of thousands of inhabitants perhaps hundreds of thousands markets overflowed with luscious produce and crafts and the city had a sophistication that like the wealth itself was foreign to your appeal even if the Aztec practice of human sacrifice was also for in a similar off-field Francisco Pizarro when he saw the textiles and silver and gold objects crafted by the Incas who also created thousands of miles of roads and Asian institutions to hold their vast empire together along the west coast of present-day South America and Cortes relied on help from rival indigenous communities to help them take control from the Incas and Aztecs is also married princesses and other Noble women they had raped as a ritual of  and marriage gave them access to Insider information local networks and the wealth that such women possessed including wealth and enslaved peoples to set sail by their poverty and by their Catholic faith but they were disadvantaged by a comparative lack of manufacturing skills when it came to trade what they did have at least it first with sailing prowess and weaponry on Siberian carrabelle's were Nimble and they could be loaded with cannons the Portuguese borrowed the use of triangular sails from the Arabs off and combining them with square-rigged ones to make better use of the Winds and Iberian also employed a range of navigational instruments Knology generally taken from other cultures in determining latitude while they're on board cartographers created portal and charts literally charts related to Ports that indicated Coastal dangers good harbors and other details important to seafaring astral squadrons compasses and other instruments gave good indications of location and direction but you know what you really needed a clock that's right there's a clock in the center of the world this $6 the clock is an astonishing piece of technology Stan would like me to point out that it was actually $8 thank you for your support at patreon.com crash course he wasn't until the 18th century development of the chronometer that's a longitudinal location and even now GPS relies on extremely precise knowledge of the time and short when it comes to history and also everything else it's not just a question of where you are it's a question of when you are early European explorers almost always had to enlist local people to advise them and how to navigate cease especially in the Indian Ocean and local non-european Traders served as intermediaries for the artisans in porcelain cotton and other crafted products through them Europeans slowly learned about trading procedures sources of goods and the mean stop judging quality as initially the Iberian were not well acquainted with the goods available in these trading ports and there were other go-betweens like translators connecting Europeans and local people one example is malinche or Dona Maria as the Spanish called her she located the passage of Hernan Cortes and his small army across Mexico and into the capital of the Aztec empire Gathering allies for him and warning him of impending danger along the way and because the hostilities among different groups that predated the array full of Europeans go-betweens who knew about these animosities could use them to help mobilize support for the European so that one local group would lead the charge against another that happened in the conquest Boat Central America in the 1520's and the in Empire in the 1530s in Europe meanwhile all of this voyaging in conquering produced a lot of tension between the Iberian kingdoms what land would be Spain's what land would be Portugal such responses by the church eventually settled disputes between spayed and Portugal over territory that each was claiming I mean who do you call about property dispute if not the Pope the Treaty of Tordesillas which was signed in 1494 provided a permanent line of demarcation 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands off the Atlantic coast of Africa and in 1529 another treaty set bounds for each country in the Indian Ocean and Pacific regions the treaties of course did not prevent the death at the hands of European weaponry and the diseases that contact entailed in the West hemisphere the local inhabitants lack of resistance to European diseases was probably a more important factor in Conquest than Weaponry was in a long-run violence enslavement and European diseases like smallpox and measles led to the death of perhaps much as 90% of the indigenous American population diseases spread and killed so quickly that entire communities cease to exist almost at once and with them their Traditions stories and values of colonization prove extremely lucrative for Spain and Portugal which within a century went from being poor kingdoms to astonishingly rich ones especially after 1545 when the Spanish uncovered a huge deposit of silver in Potosi in present-day Bolivia and began constructing indigenous people to do the most dangerous work in the mines migration to both regions swelled and chips now criss-crossed both the Atlantic and the Pacific and this huge influx of wealth to Spain and Portugal would reshape power in your and also life everywhere else says everything from microbes to ideas suddenly had a truly Global reach thanks for watching I'll see you next time all right sister crash that other European kingdoms and Empires needed to find bicycle back up here we go back to our PowerPoint wrap up here Arthur we will review the PowerPoint went back and looked at another different video clip of age of exploration World civilizations North Campus this time. It was both good and bad as Bittersweet I mean great for Spain Portugal unfortunately wasn't so great for the Aztecs the lines of people's reception when did Christianity to get the Spanish language you got certain traditions and things like that but it would take centuries for all right so basically checking on the status. questions questions are and you want to write a one-page research paper about the history of exploration and they're going to complete the Columbian Exchange PDF hand out my website imma go to that show you where that is that's the third thing there and then Age of Exploration food quiz what do that tomorrow all right all right if not let me show you your second bring up the on my way but we already did that PDF handout website back to the go back to main page third stage told you I'd reward some of these power plants alright so kiss this one right here call Columbian Exchange handout Columbian Exchange handout that you're working right here there is phone number for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 questions the first questions your number 21 through 20 or based on this excerpt here by a lot of Aquino he is one of the few actual survivors of the the Middle Passage when slaves were brought from Africa the new world actually survive a Tuesday to work its way out of slavery and you came 311 England so you need is experience not to be be able to do that from that time it so he gave his testimony what it was like 1-1 those slave ships going Africa to buy the new world slavery was in Africa before that and it was but it was not a sleeping for like the transatlantic slave trade that you were asleep for like why because you want the free labor open for free and so that was the idea so you make your kids saved all their ancestors you can get rich and they got nothing so that was the idea transplant center for that slavery use it was said it wasn't necessarily a permit status with restaurant so that's the difference between sleeping Africa that was there before the transatlantic slave taper that triangular trade when calling himself in the new one so she can read about that one to 25 based on this past year and then questions number 26 through 30 going to answer those questions based upon this little white right here at the Columbus zoo animals plants cultural things that were traded between the New World North and South America in the old world age of Europe Africa and so that's what this chart looks at unfortunately to Summit happens if change were diseases and germs smallpox typhus okay so you go back any question

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World History--Age of Exploration, Part II

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