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World History--The Enlightenment

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Daily Agenda PowerPoint Presentation; "The Enlightenment--Age of Reason" PowerPoint slides, Video Clip: "The Enlightenment," Standard & Objective, Essential Question, Check For Understanding, and Closing.

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good morning students good morning students they will look at the enlightenment time. Sing hearing me second cutest PowerPoint slide presentation sweetheart worship station just a little bit different than our previous lessons but today we can look at the Powerpoints now all right so we do I warm up here I'll see them soon he's worried that life skills metal bottle to get that Patrick Brady Medal of Honor winners in a Microsoft Word document email it to me that's my email it's Ian. Smiley at jcsd.net all right so we are work with are completing the Scientific Revolution the last week Friday we ended at inside of a real Lucien would lead into the lightning what does people sound like scientifically we also investigate and find the scientific method to government and social structures and this is very relevant because it's Scientific Revolution and the enlightenment lead the way for our modern-day work day our nation and the twentieth and twenty-first centuries that we know today look at the enlightenment also known as The Age of Reason and going to these PowerPoint slides discussed this year okay so the ottoman Age of Reason to be able to Define your life minute key vocabulary and. It's changed her outlook on life by seeing reason has the key. progress and Adrian Sisters Salon help to facilitate the philosophers of scholar a finger and then reasons using logical thinking not Superstition that same reasoning that we use in the the science room scientific method a lot of philosophy like you could also use the scientific method for social situations reformation and the Scientific Revolution so we look at the Renaissance we look at the Reformation the Scientific Revolution it was time. Sometimes these are the different arrows and feedback from Chuck what's the same like all these other movements much like me like me thinking challenge accepted beliefs and then alignment philosophers wanted to use the ideas of reason for using Scientific Revolution Mississippi for Proms and government Society so that's what's new about the enlightenment what you guys doing a Frenchman named Bernard de Fontanella you express this new century New Century that would be so that I don't know if you force all the Ian the new century or 79 but only influence sassy continue on your present balloons that I mentioned for in France you think of some philosophers they championed the idea is the reason the government and again to gather Lots on these meetings they weren't all so they weren't always. Celine Dion exchanged ideas debated for hours upon hours I guess so maybe it's you can think of it in women Jay Gatherings like he's helped to shape and spread again this is important because many of our own ideas about government such as the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution I got the ideas directly from the enlightenment inside life liberty and property separation of powers and Thomas Jefferson as they were on Declaration of Independence course two of the men to men here on the right hand side John Adams sitting in the Thomas Jefferson Sandy they would have been should become President John Adams 2nd president Jimmy Benjamin your child has some think probably had he been a younger man he was when Michael didn't President who knows maybe even the first president United states that honor went to Thomas Jefferson entrance to think for themselves and I'm fact. peregrinate car to set hangout I think therefore I am said I think therefore I am can let me think it's criticize except I use but government some questions and they believe in the divine right of kings in fact that divine right of kings we look at because it was that age that really quick to test a lot of Enlightenment thinking and that would lead to Rob spotting on GT Revolution will look at bath you I'll get all these different basically Kingsport like a God is going to be the right the individual rights that governments must respect I think Doctor Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream speech men have certain rights that are endowed by the Creator and so that is one of those every trees themselves May believe in all parts of beauty God but not any specific trigger holy book some call themselves dies right and wrong should be based on rational Insight you felt that due to all right so this morning Jack if you are with this and of course be having you believe that people are not naturally selfish read about the 17th century he also fell in the book that without most people would always be in conflict in such a state of nature life would be nasty brutish and short so his ideals that governments are created to protect people from their own selfish that's one way Wichita and he looked at time of Civil War in England so mean wherever you lifted war and Chaos anytime. No matter what time. Is just to look at more of a you left one of your crew did you see a lot of people after were stopped during wartime later like The Seekers might not have agreed with hops you'll think the biggest thing was a queen or a monarch be in charge of the government keep people from damaging cells because he was one of the first reason to the politics suicide sound harsh it was based on his own observations of human nature Kings executed as a constitutional monarchy when you live through this contract is basic basically an agreement between give up some of their rights in return for a benefit app in government and really not see any society throughout human history even if you look at small Council send you a message with only one person with planet that we live in a society something in writing that I'm not just something to refund natural rights are rights that people have simply for being human rights given to us by God that's like our Bill of Rights first 10 amendments in the Constitution constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which the king's power is limited by basic set of laws are constitutional using countries at 1 to keep a monarchy figure out this form of government in England or Great Britain is example that stay where they have a queen look at monarchs Powers Limited in Parliament and the Prime Minister really that monarchs there is a ceremony hit state alright then John Locke John Michael social contract the natural rights and he wrote of government and just give me the purpose of government was to protect the rights neferet's people and he felt that government should protect his life liberty and property against the injuries and temps of other in Independence by Thomas Jefferson the only difference Jefferson said life liberty and pursuit of happiness instead of paying property anyway John Locke it was a social contract they also feel like if people did respect people's rights insult John Locke live during the time of the Glorious Revolution where the Monarch was overthrown because they do John Locke agree with that the government should be place you can install that would look out for the rights of people are the lasting impact of these ideas of John Locke contract and natural rights of the idea that government could you also need to chill and respect his rights had widened and I still walk was in favor concerts monarchies has meant that laws limit the power of the Monarch 69 the English crown sit down and stop showing government Montesquieu was another person I was concerned about how the government would protect the liberty of people and he also concern about bad government he wrote a book called the spirit of laws in 1748 when does poke describe government should be organized he believed in the idea of separation of powers he felt like three powers or less you see that in our society  we have a pro separate from a congress separate from the Supreme Court and that at the national level going to have to stay local I'm at the state level yet the governor separate from the state legislatures separate from the state supreme court and then and even at the city and Council that we have a separate or county of the county commissioner of the County child support County Legislature and then you have County courts loose everything power is not because you didn't want one group or what person getting too much power and so the power to make laws power to enforce laws interpret them or enforce laws power should be kept separated in Korean Nolan our country today come and check the other Branch when Powers were not separated this way he warned that Liberty was soon laws he said that when the legislative and you like the powers are denied in the same person there can be no liberty and Guinea greatly influenced the US Constitution we now have a separate legislator Congress constitutional laws than everything course we can lose this if you get people that get in the power of that saw you take this away and you can appreciate people that support that democracy really it's something that you want to every generation someone said they were only a generation away from losing it so it's it's it's always been monarchs and strong people whose rule is tolerance and Free Speech Echo North Country day he was a writer famous Side Road of novel called Candid when she poked fun at old religious ideas expression he had a strong belief in hours of free speech tolerance means acceptance of different beliefs and customs and sometimes we have our point of view hope you have your point of view but we have to always be on guard because sometimes be to become the very thing we're fighting against we're fine against intolerance but then we can become intolerant of others because we feel to be right even if you are right you know people that are wrong you're allowed to Express Serve you even if it's wrong but you know course you're allowed to tell what the truth again means that I disapprove of what you say but I will defend to the death your right to say in a Course Franklin to our constitution is the first constitution we have a direct, direct connection there between one of our founding fathers and one of these Enlightenment thinkers so Cesar Carrillo on bleeding the rights of the accused in the Middle Ages torture criminal criminal was very very common they often use a rat as well as devices like the phone screen rap basically you pulled a person to park by the lake in the arms which is really cruel and unusual what's up paint for excruciating way to die he was an Italian guy who wrote a book called on crimes and punishments in which he argued against brutal punishments like that. So sorry I missed you guys are there a person accused of a crime a fair and speedy trial torture should never use capital punishment death since it should be done away with so he didn't believe in that chance has to Supply Sherman from this means that the punishment should fit the crime and not be more than necessary to stop someone else from doing it again and Punishment there still a big North Country you have a lot of Americans against it and it is legal but usually one in our country we jumped out our gunfire whatever definitely hanging them guns a lot quicker and faster torching pulling someone forgets cruel and unusual punishments for crimes in or 6 in buy some speedy trial The Only Exception is the death penalty which we still have nine States today throughout history the straw that broke the camel's back was the second the two World Wars course you've had emergency jail for the rest of our lives whatever the time in Europe is because of their history because of the two World Wars the Holocaust they want that I bought you about the death penalty right so the impact of lighting on government modern government today and even a lot of our governments around the world we have a great deal to the Enlightenment thinkers influence monarchs in Europe and so some of these monarchs became enlightened despots and greatly affected Revolutions in America and France a despot is a king or other ruler with absolute power appointment did not change your overnight many countries to obtain some of them because of lightning distance by using lighting ideas and religious toxey want to keep people happy without lose so much most of Europe is pretty much got it mnemonics with few countries that still have it like staying England couple of Norwegian countries their monarchs a very limited course American France had revolutions the revolution in France was much more violent revolutions unfortunately or violent but once the war was over in America if it wasn't that bad Trans American Revolution English leaders in America shirt with John Locke the traditions of the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights when the Americans are building 17 75-822 reviews of the right spot Haynes King so the Declaration of Independence Echo Locke's ideas of natural cigar so we the people Amendments of Enlightenment ideas can be seen US Constitution Americans basic laws included montesquieu's ideas of separation of powers the Bill of Rights protects and some of the right support by the Syria such as the right to trial 1789 Revolution broke out in France the National Assembly adopted the Declaration of Rights of Man and citizen this document talked about Liberty and equality helped it upheld the rights of property in the freedom of speech and religion France Road was a great thing however unfortunately there's a lot of Egos and lot of Revenge and I think that's what really know the terrible violence that erupted because of this Revenge factor and thousands of wealthy Frenchman and members of the royal scam beheaded by the guillotine gets cut off and the Machine that cut off people's heads by dropping truck I'm so a lot of times people history called just because they were monarchs Rich so this bloody chaos brought a strange into the enlightenment dream based on reason and Abigail Williams and also Olympia gorgeous and Mary Wollstonecraft work to extend ideas 30 in poly the women I want these ideals and lightning works press women one of these rights as well as many of these along beating France you don't I love you too gorgeous published version of the document of the French Revolution she called it the Declaration of Rights of women and the female since she called for a quality in all things when she spoke out against the budget of the French Revolution they sent her to the unfortunately she reminded me I'm not forget the women she said remember all men would be tyrants if they could get particularly if particular care and attention is not Painted Ladies we are determined to start a rebellion we will not hold ourselves bound to any laws to which we have no voice here is a very warm so crappy book she wrote in 1792 indication of the rights of women and so she argue that women deserve the same rights in a box in the course I would influence a lot of women movements and 19th century in network feet on each of the twentieth century she believed that education was the key for women wanting equality and freedom inspired many liter liters of the women's right movement alright Lee 31 questions you answer here at the end I went to for their third one question at the end of the little things you can just work on that this account has a project rate because of the extensive miss you my name is so important very important how do you define Freedom what Freedom does many different definition one thing with freedom we just have to be careful that the freedom that we cherish doesn't infringe upon the freedom of the rights of other people can't go to fairs near actions during the. 1815 so we will Modern Warfare 3 stay the night too and realizing significant developments in the the Enlightenment and the creation of new of 1765 1815 how do you like me to it's a shame you can't alright well I'm going to have to go out and share this go out to share this so that you all can see her give me a second to bring that up she she with you enlightenment it's about 6 or Edge of Reason was a time of great cultural and intellectual achievement that began in Europe around the year 1650 that continued through the 18th century and ended around the year 1800 this moment in history piggyback off of the scientific Revolutions ethicists of using logic and reason to come to conclusions instead of believing everything one was told the enlightenment originated in the countries of Great Britain and France be spread throughout Europe and to other parts of the world where brought new ideas that would ultimately caused people to challenge their views and Society particularly in the realm of government Enlightenment encourage new scientific discoveries can cause people to criticize the rule of absolute Divine Right monarchies where kings and queens believe they were given the right to rule by God finally the enlightenment force people to logically analyze the existence of on Google social classes Enlightenment thinkers orfila soaps as they were called in France Proclaim their views on topics like democracy ending slavery promoting tolerance of all religious groups I'm creating governments that were controlled by the citizens for the benefit and Welfare of the citizens the Phila suburbs where the social critics of the time who mostly came from Highly Educated middle-class backgrounds several well-read kings and queens began thinking of themselves as enlightened monarchs who are looking out for the best interests of the people they ruled over it wasn't always easy being an Enlightenment fella so remember these thinkers were some of the Trailblazers for many of the freedoms we enjoy today prior to the Age of Reason outspoken people who criticized the Catholic church or absolute monarchy could often find themselves suffering a brutal fate a person torture Exile or banishment from their home or even a death sentence let's jump into some of the famous thinkers of the Enlightenment are first in like men think our was an English writer named Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes believe that humans were Wicked greedy and selfish by nature and if they were given the ability to govern themselves it would become a free-for-all or people would Rob murder and hoard resources for themselves as a result it's believed the best form of government was an absolute monarchy where one leader made all the decisions and told everyone what to do abs recorded his ideas in his 1651 work the Leviathan where she argued that government needs to be as strong as a leviathan a powerful mythical sea creature to maintain order and Crush Anarchy and chaos Thomas Hobbes lived in England during the time of the bloody English Civil War a battle the royalettes for Cavaliers who supported the monarchy of King Charles the first and The Roundheads or Parliament who wanted to impose limits on the king's rule this is the time. From which the Famous Nursery Rhyme Humpty Dumpty came about Humpty Dumpty was not a huge friendly-looking egg but instead a Cavalier Canon a top of a defense wall when they can enrolled off all the king's horses and all the king's men couldn't put Humpty together again play The Civil Wars end King Charles the first was beheaded and a man named Oliver Cromwell took over the Helm of government not ruling as a king but it's a bloodthirsty dictator now titled the Lord protector from will impose strict puritanical rule where he been Sports dancing and even the celebration of Christmas he brutally crushed anyone who post it have you the time of tunnels rule as barbaric and leading him to believe that life under an absolute monarchy was the best form of government and society would at least be organized and civil the English Monarchy was ultimately restored in 1660 abscess view of the social contract was that the people give up their rights to a strong leader in exchange for Law and Order the next key Enlightenment thinker of the time. Was another Englishman named John Locke when it came to Human Nature I want to live in the concept of the tabula rasa with a blank slate theory he believed that humans were reasonable and good and couldn't cover themselves given the chance Locke believed that humans are born with the unalienable or match rights of life liberty and property in his view of the social contract it is the government's job to protect these rights if they fail at this one job the people have the right to revolt against an unjust government vengeance upon these rights lock greatly inspired Thomas Jefferson as he authored the US declaration of independence the American colonists felt their rights were being violated when King George the third was tax without giving them parliamentary representation as a result the colonists felt Justified to rebel against the British Monarchy Jean-Jacques Rousseau is perhaps the most influence the French Revolution which we will discuss within the next few weeks Rousseau believe that Civilization corrupted Peoples Natural goodness his famous quote is man is Born Free yet everywhere he is in Chains Russo also had his own version of the contract he introduced the concept of direct democracy where each individual citizen should have a say in how the government function Russo discussed the idea as the general will where the people give up some freedom for the common good Baron de Montesquieu what's a French thinker who wrote a book entitled Spirit of the laws where he argued for limits to be placed on absolute government he came up with the idea of a separation powers in government where the government would be organized into legislative executive and judicial branches with checks and balances on each other to ensure no one branch would become more powerful than the other Montesquieu also believed we should limit the size of their militaries because the more powerful countries military the more prone that country would be too getting into war Caesar beccaria was an Italian Enlightenment thinker who dealt with issues regarding crime and punishment beccaria believed that there should be no cruel or unusual punishment for prisoners suspected of committing a crime he called for the abolition of torture and spoke in favor of better rights for those accused of crimes his ideas were very Central in the Eighth Amendment to the US Constitution no cruel or unusual punishment Francois Marie arouet who is better known by his Anonymous pen name Voltaire is perhaps the most notorious of the fridge Enlightenment thinkers ever way was so outspoken and critical of the Catholic church and French monarchy that he was imprisoned and even exiled for his ideas in an effort to keep writing and continue spreading his ideas he decided to write on Voltaire to keep publishing his writings without getting hunted down voltaire's ideas inspired the First Amendment freedoms of speech and religion in the US Constitution Voltaire believed in Freedom of the press or the idea that a citizen was allowed to openly criticize and speak out against the government without the fear of being arrested tortured and killed for their ideas Voltaire live during a tense time of French history referred to as the French Wars of religion with French monarchy that was Roman Catholic persecuted the huguenots or French Protestants are argue that religious groups ought to be able to peacefully coexist and worship freely with hope your persecution in nature or works of satire a term driving from the Greek word seder like the god pan who was half man half goat who like to get into mischief set timer is a form of writing that uses humor irony exaggeration or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices often in the context of politics today we remember will tear for contributions to our first amendment rights of freedom of speech press and religion Mary Wollstonecraft and English writer made her impact on the enlightenment by speaking out for women's rights in her work Vindication of the rights of women she believed that women deserve the same rights as men especially equality and educational opportunities it was the societal belief that the time that a woman's role was solely to be a wife and mother what's the argument that women would make even better wives and mothers if they had the opportunity to be educated. Krab's daughter Mary Shelley would later go on to write the gothic novel Frankenstein which is stilted what are the most widely read books in high schools around the world she's considered to be an early Pioneer of the feminist women's rights movement although Wollstonecraft definitely got the ball rolling women in many parts of the world in the US and Britain were not granted the right to vote until the 20th century another influential figure of the Age of Reason was Madame Jeff, who was most known for being the hostess of one of the most famous Enlightenment salons a woman from the upper echelons of Parisian society would often host large gatherings in her home where she would invite the most influential scientist writers and artists of the age to share ideas with the baits I didn't spoil your life discussions that challenge nearly all aspects of society Salon inspired many knockoff salons to form to the point where Paris became the hotbed of anti-government Gossip that would lead to the French Revolution where the king was beheaded and the first French Democratic Republic was established by Donald Trump foreign correspondent with many of the most important thinkers of the day like Voltaire and even Catherine the Great the ruler of Russia she financed the salaries of many so they can pursue their passion and can continue their writing instead of finding labor to pay the bills one thinker who greatly benefited from the funding from the damage was a Frenchman named nedda who composed the world's first or encyclopedia a compilation of human knowledge and achievements in the Realms of science mathematics technology and philosophy the encyclopedia was comprised and contained over 75,000 entry the Catholic church in French monarchy felt threatened by the release of so much knowledge to the people that they had to disclose work censored and banned from publication enlightened monarchs were the European Kings and Queens who are well-read the ideas of the Enlightenment many of these Royals realize the benefit of allowing their subjects more freedom and increase in popularity which would mean the lowly peasant subjects would not be as likely to repel many historians believe the Almighty like to create the illusion that they were giving their people more rights when they were in fact only trying to preserve power for themselves the three most famous of the enlightened monarchs or Catherine the Great of Russia Joseph the 2nd of August and Frederick the great of Prussia Joseph II of Austria was the son of Maria Theresa the most famous Habsburg matriarch known for extending Austria's power and influence by marrying offer children to other royal families play Method of diplomacy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart the famous Prodigy and classical composer performed in the court of Joseph II in Vienna the capital while in charge of Austria Joseph enacted several enlightened before is that included granting freedom of the press and freedom of worship to his subjects additionally Joseph went so far as freeing the serfs The Peasants were bound to the land and labor in the fields and exchange for a place to live and food to eat Poncho's at the second step of his reforms were undone by Angry landlords who wanted their free source of Labor back was the ruler of Prussia a country that today now make some parts of present-day Germany and Poland Frederick the great is considered dark during the Age of Reason due to the numerous reforms he implemented to improve the lives of his subjects Frederick reduce censorship promoting religious freedom improve education when did justice system and abolish torture Frederick the Great's Reign Mark a turning point in how monarchies ruled in Europe instead of having his subject serve him by waiting on him hand and foot instead called himself the first servant state where he wanted to help his people out in any way that he could the. Voltaire spent a great deal of time and Exile at the court of Frederick the great until Frederick grew sick of his presents Frederick also coined the phrase a dog is a man's best friend final enlightened Monarch and perhaps most influential was Catherine the Great of Russia a German Princess Catherine married into the Russian royal family her husband Peter the third was somewhat insane as he enjoyed spending most of his time ignoring Catherine and instead playing with toy soldiers and even once had a mouse put on trial and executed for knocking down one of his soldiers Catherine knew he had to go so she was complicit in a covert military operation where they deposed her husband and potentially had him assassinated now that Katherine was the sole ruler of Russia she put together a commission of advisers to recommend religious toleration in Russia the evolution of torture and an end to the use of capital punishment or the death penalty Katherine and what she quickly changed her mind after the 1770 Rebellion a bloody peasant Uprising this event caused Katharine to rethink your position on many of her intended reforms over the Russian Empire during the time of great Conquest in several of the territories that are part of the enormous country of Russia Today were added during Catherine's reign what was the impact of the Enlightenment the enlightenment inspired I Progressive Outlook we're social critics Express their ideas about how they thought Society could be improved following the enlightenment Europeans had a more secular or non-religious Outlook people no longer completely relied on getting information from the Catholic church instead logic and reason to prove the truth Enlightenment thinkers called for governmental reforms and greater equality including Four Women and the various socio-economic classes education throughout Europe vastly improve causing surging improve literacy finally you might want inspired revolutions for change one by the American colonists against Great Britain and the other by French, nurse who grew sick of having no voice in government and living in poverty while the wealthy lived in extravagance the enlightenment like the Scientific Revolution taught people to doubt what they were told by Authority and to test things out for themselves Revolution was inevitable alright let's look the alignments let me go back here all right so that's a look at the Enlightenment and this unit and I will see you on class you'll have a good day and time for me to leave now price class will talk to you later bye-bye.

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